1. Introduction Niobium–zirconium (Nb–Zr) alloys represent an important class of refractory metal alloys widely used in extreme environments where high temperature strength, corrosion resistance, radiation tolerance, and mechanical stability are critical. Combining the unique attributes of niobium and zirconium, these alloys have found long-standing and growing applications in nuclear technology, aerospace systems, superconducting devices, chemical […]
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